Сопоставление инфинитива
Сопоставление инфинитива в функции обстоятельства цели с инфинитивом в функции подлежащего
Чтобы отличить инфинитив в функции подлежащего от инфинитива в функции обстоятельства цели, необходимо, в первую очередь, найти сказуемое предложения. Если перед ним имеется существительное или местоимение в функции подлежащего, следовательно инфинитив, с которого начинается предложение, выступает в функции обстоятельства и переводится обстоятельственным предложением цели с союзом для того, чтобы (чтобы). Если такое существительное или местоимение отсутствует, то сам инфинитив выполняет функцию подлежащего и переводится неопределенной формой глагола или существительным.
To know a foreign language is necessary for a modern specialist. - Знать (знание) иностранного языка необходимо для современного специалиста.
To know a foreign language well one must read books in the original. - Чтобы (для того, чтобы) знать иностранный язык хорошо, нужно читать литературу в оригинале.
Упражнения
Упражнение 8. Переведите следующие предложения с инфинитивом в функции подлежащего и обстоятельства цели.
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- To solve this problem is extremely important.
- To solve this problem you have to make a great many experiments.
- To drive a car in a big city is very difficult.
- To drive a car in a big city one must be an experienced driver.
- To calculate the age of our planet requires much knowledge in diffеrent branches of science.
- To calculate the age of our planet one must have much knowledge in different branches of science.
- To get the new magazine I had to go to the library.
- To run modern machines workers must be educated.
- To avoid the accident the cars had to move slowly.
- To get to the earth the rays of the sun have to travel during 8 minutes.
- To find the mass of the electron numerous experiments had to be made.
- To convert chemical energy into electrical energy we must use an electrical cell.
- To prevent corrosion metal must be covered with paint.
Упражнение 9. В следующих предложениях определите функцию инфинитива и переведите их.
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- I’m happy not to have failed you.
- We were sorry to find out that most of the museums were closed that day.
- This is a man to be relied upon.
- I’d like to make an appointment.
- This is an interesting fact to be mentioned in the report.
- The boy didn’t want to be praised in the presence of other pupils.
- I felt that to send a letter to him would only pain him uselessly.
- One of our friends was suddenly taken ill and had to be operated on immediately.
- The President is to visit Vienna next year.
- The press conference is to start in a minute.
- You should consult the doctor.
- The! freezer must be kept at –20º.
- You would rather go to class tomorrow than today.
- To give advice is easier than to follow it.
- To prove it will be very difficult.
- To render such a long text in English will take a long time.
- There is nothing to be afraid of.
- His name is difficult to pronounce.
- Walter was the first to offer her help.
- The terms to be insisted on are as follows.
- The lecture to be attended by the delegation will take place in the main hall.
- To understand the phenomenon the laws of motion should be considered.
- This method is not accurate enough to give reliable results.
- He was clever enough not to get offended.
- To take an example, let us go back to the chapter which has been described earlier.
Упражнение 10. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.
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- Molecules are too small to be seen even with the most powerful microscope.
- It is such a small deviation as to be easily neglected.
- To find the mass of electron was then of prime importance.
- One way of obtaining hydrogen is to pass electric current through water.
- The surface tention of water is strong enough to let a steel needle float on water.
- Unfortunately the thermal conductivity is very hard to determine.
- We observed the evaporation of water, a phenomenon to be more fully described later.
- X–ray analysis is to be applied to the study of this material.
- To go back to the analogy of the solar system, the electrons revolve around the nucleus like planets around the sun.
- Dalton was the first to deduce scientifically an atomic theory from experimental data.
- The concentration of the reactants is altered in such a manner as to reduce the velocity of the reaction.
- The problem has been to solidify the substance under investigation.
- The amount of polonium to be obtained from an uranium mineral can be simply calculated.
- To sum up, there are two features of atomic structure which we must bear in mind.
- Some problems of science could not have been solved without isotopes.
- The type of catalyst to be used affects the design and operation of regeneration equipment.
- It has been convenient to introduce a special unit for measuring amounts of radioactive material.
- Electrons can be made to travel at very high speeds.
- To shorten the experiment, it is suggested that only logarithmic plots for each point be made and the approximate space potentials be determined.
- Let me now explain the way in which a wave is to be imagined.
Содержание
- Введение. Неличные формы английского глагола
- Инфинитив. Неличные формы английского глагола
- Инфинитив с частицей to
- Свойства инфинитива. Неличные формы английского глагола
- Синтаксические функции инфинитива
- Сопоставление инфинитива
- Оборот объектный падеж плюс инфинитив
- Перевод инфинитива на русский язык
- Оборот for плюс существительное плюс инфинитив
- Причастие. Неличные формы глагола.
- Сложные формы причастия