Инфинитив. Неличные формы английского глагола
Инфинитив – неличная форма глагола, которая называет действие и обладает признаками глагола и существительного. Инфинитив соответствует в русском языке неопределенной форме глагола, которая отвечает на вопросы что делать? что сделать?
Пример:
- to write - [tuː rʌɪt] - писать, написать;
- to open - [tuː ˈəʊpən] - открывать, открыть.
Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to, которая не имеет самостоятельного значения и не принимает ударения. Однако частица to в некоторых случаях опускается или употребляется в конце предложения без глагола, если глагол был упомянут ранее.
Формы инфинитива - Form Active Passive
Form | Active | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|
my-en.ru | |||
Indefinite | to send | to be sent | |
Continuous | to be sending | - | |
Perfect | to have sent | to have been sent | |
Perfect Continuous | to have been sending | - |
Примечание. Отрицательная частица not ставится перед инфинитивом: not to ask, not to be asked и т.д.
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. В следующих цепочках личных и неличных форм глагола укажите инфинитив в форме:
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Indefinite Infinitive Active
- to open, is opened, to be opened;
- to have been read, to be reading, to read;
- have gone, to go, to have gone.
Indefinite Infinitive Рassive
- is being told, to be told, is told;
- was indicating, were indicated, to be indicated;
- will send, will be sent, to be sent.
Continuous Infinitive Active
- is being published, were published, to be publishing;
- to be showing, are showing, is being shown;
- were being built, to be building, will be building.
Perfect Infinitive Active
- have done, had been done, to have done;
- had discussed, to have discussed, to have been discussed;
- to have asked, will have asked, to have been asked.
Perfect Infinitive Passive
- to be reported, have reported, to have been reported;
- to have been taught, has taught, to teach;
- to translate, to be translating, to have been translated.
Perfect Continuous Infinitive Active
- to have looked, to have been looking, to have been looked;
- to have been typing, have been typing, have being typed;
- to speak, have been spoken, to have been speaking.
Упражнение 2. Выберите требуемую форму инфинитива:
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Indefinite Infinitive Active
- to be reading
- to read
- to have read
- to be read
- to have been reading
- to have been read
Indefinite Infinitive Passive
- to have repaired
- to have been repaired
- to repaire
- to be repaired
- to be repairing
- to have been repairing
Continuous Infinitive Active
- to sell
- to have been sold
- to be sold
- to be selling
- to have sold
- to have been selling
Perfect Infinitive Active
- to be watched
- to be watching
- to watch
- to have watched
- to have been watched
- to have been watching
Perfect Infinitive Passive
- to have played
- to be playing
- to have been playing
- to have been played
- to play
- to be played
Perfect Continuous Infinitive Active
- to be working
- to have been worked
- to be worked
- to work
- to have worked
- to have been working
Содержание
- Введение. Неличные формы английского глагола
- Инфинитив. Неличные формы английского глагола
- Инфинитив с частицей to
- Свойства инфинитива. Неличные формы английского глагола
- Синтаксические функции инфинитива
- Сопоставление инфинитива
- Оборот объектный падеж плюс инфинитив
- Перевод инфинитива на русский язык
- Оборот for плюс существительное плюс инфинитив
- Причастие. Неличные формы глагола.
- Сложные формы причастия