Глаголы

Инфинитив. Неличные формы английского глагола

Инфинитив соответствует в русском языке неопределенной форме глагола

Инфинитив – неличная форма глагола, которая называет действие и обладает признаками глагола и существительного. Инфинитив соответствует в русском языке неопределенной форме глагола, которая отвечает на вопросы что делать? что сделать?
Пример:

  • to write - [tuː rʌɪt] - писать, написать;
  • to open - [tuː ˈəʊpən] - открывать, открыть.

Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to, которая не имеет самостоятельного значения и не принимает ударения. Однако частица to в некоторых случаях опускается или употребляется в конце предложения без глагола, если глагол был упомянут ранее.

Формы инфинитива - Form Active Passive
Формы инфинитива
FormActivePassive
my-en.ru
Indefiniteto sendto be sent
Continuousto be sending-
Perfectto have sentto have been sent
Perfect Continuousto have been sending-

Примечание. Отрицательная частица not ставится перед инфинитивом: not to ask, not to be asked и т.д.

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. В следующих цепочках личных и неличных форм глагола укажите инфинитив в форме:
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Indefinite Infinitive Active
  • to open, is opened, to be opened;
  • to have been read, to be reading, to read;
  • have gone, to go, to have gone.
Indefinite Infinitive Рassive
  • is being told, to be told, is told;
  • was indicating, were indicated, to be indicated;
  • will send, will be sent, to be sent.
Continuous Infinitive Active
  • is being published, were published, to be publishing;
  • to be showing, are showing, is being shown;
  • were being built, to be building, will be building.
Perfect Infinitive Active
  • have done, had been done, to have done;
  • had discussed, to have discussed, to have been discussed;
  • to have asked, will have asked, to have been asked.
Perfect Infinitive Passive
  • to be reported, have reported, to have been reported;
  • to have been taught, has taught, to teach;
  • to translate, to be translating, to have been translated.
Perfect Continuous Infinitive Active
  • to have looked, to have been looking, to have been looked;
  • to have been typing, have been typing, have being typed;
  • to speak, have been spoken, to have been speaking.

Упражнение 2. Выберите требуемую форму инфинитива:
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Indefinite Infinitive Active
  • to be reading
  • to read
  • to have read
  • to be read
  • to have been reading
  • to have been read
Indefinite Infinitive Passive
  • to have repaired
  • to have been repaired
  • to repaire
  • to be repaired
  • to be repairing
  • to have been repairing
Continuous Infinitive Active
  • to sell
  • to have been sold
  • to be sold
  • to be selling
  • to have sold
  • to have been selling
Perfect Infinitive Active
  • to be watched
  • to be watching
  • to watch
  • to have watched
  • to have been watched
  • to have been watching
Perfect Infinitive Passive
  • to have played
  • to be playing
  • to have been playing
  • to have been played
  • to play
  • to be played
Perfect Continuous Infinitive Active
  • to be working
  • to have been worked
  • to be worked
  • to work
  • to have worked
  • to have been working